Family Reunification
You married abroad and want to bring your partner to Germany? Which rules apply depends on the nationality of the family member living in Germany.
At a glance
Legal basis
Sections 27 ff. AufenthG, for spouses Section 30
Minimum age
Both spouses must be 18 years old
Language
Able to communicate in German at a basic level
No language proof needed
Among others, where the partner living in Germany holds an EU Blue Card
Joining a German national
Separate, more favourable requirements under Section 28
Lead time
Several months, depending on the country of origin
Family reunification: three routes with different requirements
Different statutory rules apply depending on the nationality of the family member living in Germany. Joining a German national is governed by Section 28 AufenthG and is framed more favourably. Joining an EU citizen falls under freedom of movement. Joining a third-country national triggers the stricter requirements of Sections 27 ff. AufenthG.
Spousal reunification under Section 30 AufenthG
Age and language
Both spouses must have reached the age of 18. The spouse joining must also be able to communicate in German at a basic level. That corresponds to level A1.
When the language requirement does not apply
The Act provides several exceptions. They apply, among other cases, where the partner living in Germany holds an EU Blue Card, an ICT Card or a Mobile ICT Card, where illness or disability prevents language acquisition, where the need for integration is evidently low, and in cases of hardship. Whether one of these exceptions applies often decides months of waiting time.
Livelihood and living space
The general requirements apply on top: a secured livelihood and sufficient living space. Drawing benefits under Book II or Book XII of the Social Code can stand in the way of reunification – here too, immigration and social security law interlock.
Why timing decides the outcome
It is advisable to seek advice early so that spousal reunification can be completed smoothly and swiftly. Depending on the country of origin, the application often has to be planned several months in advance. The path begins with the national visa at the German mission abroad and leads, after entry, to the residence permit.
Frequently asked questions about family reunification
How long does the procedure take?
That depends above all on appointment availability at the German mission abroad and varies considerably between countries. That is precisely why the application should be prepared early.
May our children come along?
Reunification of children is governed separately and depends, among other things, on the age of the child and on custody. It should be planned together with spousal reunification.
We married abroad – will the marriage be recognised?
As a rule yes, provided the marriage was validly concluded under the law of the country where it took place. The authorities require documents for this, often with legalisation or an apostille.
May my spouse work straight away?
The residence permit granted for family reunification regularly entitles the holder to gainful employment. Whether a separate work permit is needed in the individual case is something we check in advance.
